How thinking works ?

What is "thinking"? How "thinking" can be explained simply?

What is "thinking process" ?
how thinking works?
What basic logic is involved in "thinking" ?
Can "How to think" be learned?
What is "think differently" ?

Thinking cognition is basically mental activity associated with processing, understanding, and communicating information.

Mental images is a mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picture like quality.

Concept is a mental grouping of similar things, events, and people that is used to remember and understand what things are, what they mean, and what categories or groups they belong to.

For example, if I say to you, "think of a car," the concept, "car" will evoke some ideas in your head about what a car is and what types of characteristics it contains -- does your concept of a car have black tires, two doors, four doors, is it red, white, black, etc ?

The concepts are arranged in a hierarchy with a superordinate concept at the top, followed by basic level type, and subordinate concept.

There are also formal concept and natural concept :-

Formal concepts are concepts that are clearly defined by a set of rules or properties. Each member of the concept meets all the rules or has all the defining properties, and no nonmember does.

Example: A square is formal concept. All members of the concept are shapes with four equal sides and four right-angle corners. Nothing that is not a square shares these properties.

Natural concepts are defined by a general set of features, not all of which must be present for an object to be considered a member of the concept.

Example: The concept of vegetable is a natural concept. There are no rules or lists of features that describe every single vegetable. Many vegetables are difficult to recognize as such because this concept is so "fuzzy." Tomatoes are not vegetables, but most people think they are. Rhubarb is a vegetable, but most people think it is not.

A prototype is the best example of a natural concept.

Example: Try this trick on your friends. Have them sit down with a pencil and paper. Tell them to write down all the numbers that you will say and the answers to three questions that you will ask. Recite about fifteen numbers of at least three digits each, and then ask your friends to write down the name of a tool, a color, and a flower. About 60 to 80 percent of them will write down "hammer," "red," and "rose" because these are common prototypes of the concepts tool, color, and flower. Prototypes come to mind most easily when people try to think of a concept.

Problem Solving is a process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.

Trial and error (mechanical solution) is a problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.

Algorithms is a very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems

Heuristic is an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a “rule of thumb.”